1 Samuel 25:3
Now the name of the man was Nabal; and the name of his wife Abigail: and she was a woman of good understanding, and of a beautiful countenance: but the man was churlish and evil in his doings; and he was of the house of Caleb.
Original Language Analysis
וְשֵׁ֥ם
Now the name
H8034
וְשֵׁ֥ם
Now the name
Strong's:
H8034
Word #:
1 of 17
an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character
וְהָאִ֥ישׁ
but the man
H376
וְהָאִ֥ישׁ
but the man
Strong's:
H376
Word #:
2 of 17
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
וְשֵׁ֥ם
Now the name
H8034
וְשֵׁ֥ם
Now the name
Strong's:
H8034
Word #:
4 of 17
an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character
טֽוֹבַת
of good
H2896
טֽוֹבַת
of good
Strong's:
H2896
Word #:
8 of 17
good (as an adjective) in the widest sense; used likewise as a noun, both in the masculine and the feminine, the singular and the plural (good, a good
וְהָאִ֥ישׁ
but the man
H376
וְהָאִ֥ישׁ
but the man
Strong's:
H376
Word #:
12 of 17
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
Cross References
Proverbs 14:1Every wise woman buildeth her house: but the foolish plucketh it down with her hands.Proverbs 31:10Who can find a virtuous woman? for her price is far above rubies.Psalms 10:3For the wicked boasteth of his heart's desire, and blesseth the covetous, whom the LORD abhorreth.Proverbs 31:26She openeth her mouth with wisdom; and in her tongue is the law of kindness.1 Samuel 25:17Now therefore know and consider what thou wilt do; for evil is determined against our master, and against all his household: for he is such a son of Belial, that a man cannot speak to him.
Historical Context
Names in Hebrew often carried prophetic significance. Whether Nabal was actually named 'fool' at birth or this represents authorial characterization, the name perfectly describes his conduct. The Calebite clan settled in this region of Judah after the conquest.
Questions for Reflection
- How do wisdom and foolishness coexist in households and communities?
- What does the contrast between Nabal and Abigail teach about the relationship between heritage and character?
Related Resources
Explore related topics, people, and study resources to deepen your understanding of this passage.
Analysis & Commentary
Now the name of the man was Nabal; and the name of his wife Abigail: and she was a woman of good understanding, and of a beautiful countenance: but the man was churlish and evil in his doings; and he was of the house of Caleb.
The contrasts in this verse are striking. Nabal's name means 'fool' in Hebrew—either a birth name proving prophetic or a narrative epithet. Abigail receives double commendation: 'good understanding' (Hebrew 'tovat sekel') indicates wisdom and discernment, while 'beautiful countenance' (yephat to'ar) describes physical attractiveness. The Hebrew 'qasheh vera' ma'alilim' (harsh/hard and evil in his doings) characterizes Nabal's disposition. His descent from Caleb connects him to Israel's faithful spy, making his behavior more blameworthy—noble lineage did not guarantee noble character. The mismatch between husband and wife creates narrative tension and foreshadows Abigail's crucial role.